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Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler ((:ˈɡɔtliːp ˈdaɪmlɐ); 17 March 1834 – 6 March 1900〔("Gottlieb Daimler" ). ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.〕) was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist born in Schorndorf (Kingdom of Württemberg, a federal state of the German Confederation), in what is now Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development. He invented the high-speed petrol engine. Daimler and his lifelong business partner Wilhelm Maybach were two inventors whose goal was to create small, high-speed engines to be mounted in any kind of locomotion device. In 1885 they designed a precursor of the modern petrol (gasoline) engine which they subsequently fitted to a two-wheeler, the first internal combustion motorcycle and, in the next year, to a stagecoach, and a boat. Daimler called it the grandfather clock engine (''Standuhr'') because of its resemblance to a large pendulum clock. In 1890, they founded Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG, in English—Daimler Motors Corporation). They sold their first automobile in 1892. Daimler fell ill and took a break from the business. Upon his return he experienced difficulty with the other stockholders that led to his resignation in 1893. This was reversed in 1894. Maybach resigned at the same time, and also returned. In 1900 Daimler died and Wilhelm Maybach quit DMG in 1907. In 1924, the DMG management signed a long term co-operation agreement with Karl Benz's Benz & Cie., and in 1926 the two companies merged to become Daimler-Benz AG, which is now part of Daimler AG. ==Early life: 1834–1852== Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler was the son of a baker named Johannes Däumler (Daimler) and his wife Frederika, from the town of Schorndorf near Stuttgart, Württemberg. By the age of 13 (1847), he had completed six years of primary studies in Lateinschule and became interested in engineering. The next year, he began an apprenticeship with a carbine maker, Raithel.〔Wise, David Burgess (1974). "Daimler: Founder of the Four-Wheeler", in Northey, Tom, ed. ''World of Automobiles''. London: Orbis, Volume 5, p. 481.〕 He graduated in 1852, passing the craft test with a pair of engraved double-barreled pistols.〔Wise, p. 481.〕 The same year, at eighteen, Daimler decided to take up mechanical engineering, abandoning gun smithing,〔 and left his hometown. Signing up at Stuttgart's School for Advanced Training in the Industrial Arts, under the tutelage of Ferdinand Steinbeis. Daimler was studious, even taking extra Sunday morning classes. In 1853, Daimler, with Steinbeis' assistance, got work at "the factory college", F. Rollé und Schwilque(R&S) in Grafenstaden, so-called because its manager, Friedrich Messmer, had been an instructor at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.〔 Daimler performed well, and when Rollé und Schwilque began making railway locomotives in 1856, Daimler, then 22, was named foreman.〔 Instead of staying, Daimler took two years at Stuttgart's Polytechnic Institute to hone his skills, gaining in-depth grasp of steam locomotives, as well as "a profound conviction" steam was destined to be superseded.〔 He conceived small, cheap, simple engines for light industrial use, possibly inspired by the newly developed gas engines of that era.〔 In 1861, he resigned from R&S, visiting Paris, then went on to England, working with the country's top engineering firms, becoming knowledgeable with machine tools. He spent from autumn 1861 to summer 1863 in England, then regarded as “the motherland of technology”,〔Press Kit: Mercedes-Benz in the UK. Stuttgart, 13 June 2007; Daimler Global Media〕 at Beyer, Peacock and Company of Gorton, Manchester. Beyer was from Saxony.〔Ehland, Christoph ed. (2007) ''Thinking Northern: Textures of Identity in the North of England''. Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam〕 While in London, he visited the 1862 International Exhibition, where one of the exhibits was a steam carriage.〔 These carriages did not evidently inspire him, however, for his wish was to produce machine tools and woodworking machinery.〔 Daimler went to work for Maschinenfabrik Daniel Straub, Geislingen an der Steige, where he designed tools, mills, and turbines. In 1863, he joined the ''Bruderhaus Reutlingen'', a Christian Socialist toolmaker, as inspector and later executive.While there, he met Wilhelm Maybach, then a 15-year-old orphan.〔Wise, p. 482.〕 Thanks to Daimler's organizational skills, the factory managed to show a profit, but he quit in frustration in 1869, joining Maschinenbau Gesellschaft Karlsruhe in July.〔 When in 1872 Otto und Langen reorganized as Gasmotoren-Fabrik Deutz, management picked Daimler as factory manager, bypassing even Otto, and Daimler joined the company in August, taking Maybach with him as chief designer.〔 While Daimler managed to improve production, the weakness in the Otto's vertical piston design, coupled to Daimler's stubborn insistence on atmospheric engines, led the company to an impasse.〔 Neither Otto nor Daimler would give way, and when Daimler was offered the choice of founding a Deutz branch in St. Petersburg or resigning, he resigned to set up shop in Cannstatt (financed by savings and shares in Deutz),〔Wise, pp. 482–483.〕 where he was shortly joined by Maybach.〔 At Cannstatt, Daimler and the more creative thinking Maybach〔 devised their engine. At Daimler's insistence, it eliminated "the clumsy, complicated slide-valve ignition",〔Wise, p.483.〕 in favor of a hot tube system invented by Leo Funk, since Daimler also distrusted electricity.〔 It took considerable effort and experimentation, but eventually, the duo perfected a vertical single, which was fitted in the ''Reitwagen'', a purpose-built two-wheeler chassis with two spring-loaded stabilizerss.〔 When this proved the engine capable of driving a vehicle, Daimler devised a single and ordered a Wimpff und Soehne four-seater phaeton to house it.〔 Daimler's engine was installed by Maschinenfabrik Esslingen and drove the rear wheels through a dual-ratio belt drive.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gottlieb Daimler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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